Hydrogen với... lithium thì đương nhiên là hydrogen dễ nổ và nguy hiểm hơn.
Nhưng thực ra nên so với các loại nhiên liệu như xăng, dầu,... thì đúng hơn. Thế thì hydrogen không nguy hiểm hay gây cháy nổ gì hơn các loại đấy cả
Many engineers and scientists argue that hydrogen is a far safer fuel than oil or gas. They point out that it is light and if there is an accident or leak, the hydrogen floats up into the sky and disperses at concentrations below 4%, the concentration at which hydrogen becomes explosive. For comparison, leaked gas and stays on the ground evaporates into the air where it is flammable at concentrations of just 1.4%. And if there is a leak, hydrogen, unlike gas or oil, is non-toxic, so it will not contaminate the air, ground, or water. Hydrogen flames also emit low radiant energy compared to gas or oil fires, so they are less likely to spread.
Electric cars and trucks powered by hydrogen fuel cells have been extensively tested for fire hazards. For example, test show that a rifle fired at a tank filled with gas, diesel fuel or natural gas, will make the tank explode. The same rifle shot into a hydrogen tank will put a hole in the tank and hydrogen will escape, but there won’t be an explosion. Other tests reveal that if gas leaking from a car is ignited, the tank will explode and burn the entire vehicle. But igniting a leak in a hydrogen tank just ignites a faint blue flame as escaping hydrogen leaves the tank until all the hydrogen is exhausted; it does not lead to an explosion nor does it raise the temperature inside the car by more than a couple of degrees.
In real-world testing, Honda, Toyota and Hyundai sell hydrogen fuel cell cars in California. And although ordinary drivers have refueled their hydrogen-powered cars over 60,000 times, no explosions have been reported.
Hydrogen does pose some risks, but what doesn’t? The Lancet medical journal reported in 2007 that coal production annually kills 24 people per terawatt hour (TWh) of energy produced. For oil, the death toll per TWh is 18 and for natural gas it is 3. (The U.S consumes roughly 4,000 TWh annually). The larger threat from burning fossil fuels, however, is the air pollution it creates. In 2021, the World Health Organization said that air pollution is “the single largest environmental threat to human health and well-being.” The organization estimates than 4 million people a year die prematurely due to air pollution. So a clean, green Hydrogen Economy should save lives.
Gần đây người ta mới chế ra mấy công nghệ như này nữa cũng góp phần tăng tính an toàn hơn, vì hydrogen dạng keo thì an toàn hơn hydrogen dạng khí mà cũng đỡ đòi hỏi về cơ sở hạ tầng:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerpaste
https://www.inceptivemind.com/power...ily-transportable-hydrogen-energy-fuel/17468/
Due to its high energy storage density, the POWERPASTE is a promising option for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles that can significantly increase the range of a battery-powered electric vehicle. Likewise, it could dramatically increase the flight times of large, clean fuel drones that can fly for several hours rather than a mere 20 minutes. Another plus point is – unlike gaseous hydrogen, it does not require a costly infrastructure. In places where there are no hydrogen stations, regular filling stations could therefore sell POWERPASTE in cartridges or canisters instead. POWERPASTE is also cheap to transport since no costly high-pressure tanks are involved nor the use of extremely cold liquid hydrogen.
The first POWERPASTE factory is scheduled to start operating in 2021. Four tons of the energy cream will initially be produced there annually.