After the
Republic of China was established in 1912, there was more success in promoting a common national language. A
Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation was convened with delegates from the entire country.
[33] A
Dictionary of National Pronunciation (國音字典; 国音字典) was published in 1919, defining a
hybrid pronunciation that did not match any existing speech.
[34][35] Meanwhile, despite the lack of a workable standardized pronunciation, colloquial literature in
written vernacular Chinese continued to develop apace.
[36]
Gradually, the members of the National Language Commission came to settle upon the Beijing dialect, which became the major source of standard national pronunciation due to its prestigious status. In 1932, the commission published the
Vocabulary of National Pronunciation for Everyday Use (國音常用字彙; 国音常用字汇), with little fanfare or official announcement. This dictionary was similar to the previous published one except that it normalized the pronunciations for all characters into the pronunciation of the Beijing dialect. Elements from other dialects continue to exist in the standard language, but as exceptions rather than the rule.
[37]
Tiếng Bắc Kinh là tiếng chuẩn rồi, từ năm 1912. Năm 1949 phe cs thắng vẫn giữ nguyên cái này.