toanphusv
Senior Member
các dạng liên quan matching : Matching heading, contains in paragraph, ending => em thấy đa số phải đọc full đoạn
e thấy như cô gạch keywords như unchangeable keywords như tên tuổi và changable keywords, thực ra từ vựng k quá khó với em ở reading, em vướng khá khá ít thôi, kiểu em phải đọc full bài, r suy luận , rồi nghĩ, nó tốn thời gian + nó trap nếu mình overthinking quá
nhiều câu em nghĩ nó lâu, rồi khoanh xừ sai luôn, ví dụ 1 bài đọc cho anh em nhé
READING PASSAGE 1
The Mozart Effect
A. Music has been used for centuries to heal the body. In the Ebers Papyrus (one of the earliest medical documents, circa 1500 B.C.), it was recorded that physicians chanted to heal the sick (Castleman, 1994). In various cultures, we have observed singing as part of healing rituals. In the world of Western medicine, however, using music in medicine lost popularity until the introduction of the radio. Researchers then started to notice that listening to music could have significant physical effects. Therapists noticed music could help calm anxiety and researchers saw that listening to music could cause a drop in blood pressure. In addition to these two areas, music has been used with cancer chemotherapy to reduce nausea, during surgery to reduce stress hormone production, during childbirth, and in stroke recovery (Castleman, 1994 and Westley, 1998). It has been shown to decrease pain as well as enhance the effectiveness of the immune system. In Japan, compilations of music are used as medication, of sorts. For example, if you want to cure a headache or migraine, the album suggested Mendelssohn's "Spring Song," Dvorak's "Humoresque," or part of George Gershwin's "An American in Paris" (Campbell, 1998). Music is also being used to assist in learning, in a phenomenon called the Mozart Effect.
B. Frances H. Rauscher, Ph.D., first demonstrated the correlation between music and learning in an experiment in 1993. His experiments indicated that a 10 minute dose of Mozart could temporarily boost intelligence. Groups of students were given intelligence tests after listening to silence, relaxation tapes, or Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major for a short time. He found that after silence, the average IQ score was 110, and after the relaxation tape, scores rose a point. After listening to Mozart, however, the scores jumped to 119 (Westley, 1998). Even students who did not like the music still had an increased score on the IQ test. Rauscher hypothesized that "listening to complex, non-repetitive music, like Mozart, may simulate neural pathways that are important in thinking" (Castleman, 1994).
C. The same experiment was repeated on rats by Rauscher and Hong Hua Li from Stanford. Rats also demonstrated enhancement in their intelligence performance. These new studies indicate that rats that were exposed to Mozart showed "increased gene expression of BDNF (a neural growth factor), CREB (a learning and memory compound), and Synapsin I (a synaptic growth protein)" in the brain's hippocampus, compared with rats in the control group, which heard only white noise (e.g. the whooshing sound of a radio tuned between stations)
D. How exactly does the Mozart effect work? Researchers are still trying to determine
the actual mechanisms for the formation of these enhanced learning pathways. Neuroscientists suspect that music can actually help build and strengthen connections
between neurons in the cerebral cortex in a process similar to what occurs in brain development despite its type. When a baby is born, certain connections have already been made - like connections for heartbeat and breathing. As new information is learned and motor skills develop, new neural connections are formed. Neurons that are not used will eventually die while those used repeatedly will form strong connections. Although a large number of these neural connections require experience, they also must occur within a certain time frame. For example, a child born with cataracts cannot develop connections within the visual cortex. If the cataracts are removed by surgery right away, the child's vision develops and the cataracts are removed, the child will remain blind because those pathways cannot establish themselves.
E. Music seems to work in the same way. In October of 1997, researchers at the
University of Konstanz in Germany found that music actually rewires neural circuits (Begley, 1996). Although some of these circuits are formed for physical skills needed to play an instrument, just listening to music strengthens connections used in higher-order thinking. Listening to music can then be thought of as "exercise" for the brain, improving concentration and enhancing intuition.
F. If you're a little skeptical about the claims made by supporters of the Mozart Effect,
you're not alone. Many people accredit the advanced learning of some children who take music lessons to other personality traits, such as motivation and persistence, which is required in all types of learning. There have also been claims of that influencing the results of some experiments.
G. Furthermore, many people are critical of the role the media had in turning an isolated study into a trend for parents and music educators. After Mozart Effect was published to the public, the sales of Mozart CDs stayed on the top of the hit list for three weeks. In an article by Michael Linton, he wrote that the research that began this phenomenon (the study by researchers at the University of California Irvine) showed only a temporary boost in IQ, which was not significant enough to even last throughout the course of the experiment. Using music to influence intelligence was used in Confucian civilization and Plato alluded to Pythagorean music when he described his ideal state in The Republic. In both of these examples, music did not have caused any overwhelming changes, and the theory eventually died out. Linton also asks, "If Mozart's Music were able to improve health, why was Mozart himself so frequently sick? If listening to Mozart's music increases intelligence and encourages spirituality, why aren't the world's smartest and most spiritual people Mozart specialists?" Linton raises an interesting point, if the Mozart Effect causes such significant changes, why isn't there more documented evidence?
H. The "trendiness" of the Mozart Effect may have died out somewhat, but there are still strong supporters (and opponents) of the claims made in 1993. Since that initial experiment, there has not been a surge of supporting evidence. However, many parents, after playing classical music while pregnant or when theft children are young, will swear by the Mozart Effect. A classmate of mine once told me that listening to classical music while studying will help with memorization. If we approach this controversy from a scientific aspect, although there has been some evidence that music does increase brain activity, actual improvements in learning and memory have not been adequately demonstrated.
Questions 1-5
Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1 Music influences the brain development of a baby.
2 Popularity of public to the introduction of Mozart Effect
3 Description of the pioneer experiment of a person
4 Music is helpful as a healing method in some places
5 Learning needs other qualities though
ok ví dụ câu 1 gạch chân : brain development , baby 2 3 4 5 tương tự
phân tích đọc lướt đoạn A nói về kiểu music nó chữa lành vết thương, thì khá nghiêng câu 4, nhưng em lại think, ủa, some places ở đây là chi, rồi bảo liệu câu này trap không
hoặc đọc lướt đoạn B nói về 1 số thí nghiệm ảnh hưởng của nhạc mozart lên não học sinh làm hs thông minh hơn, dường như k có đáp án nào
Mong các bác chỉ em PP để tránh overthinking, mà càng nghĩ càng sai theo KN của em làm reading, thề, câu nào càng nghĩ càng sai, càng chắc chắn càng đúng.
e thấy như cô gạch keywords như unchangeable keywords như tên tuổi và changable keywords, thực ra từ vựng k quá khó với em ở reading, em vướng khá khá ít thôi, kiểu em phải đọc full bài, r suy luận , rồi nghĩ, nó tốn thời gian + nó trap nếu mình overthinking quá
nhiều câu em nghĩ nó lâu, rồi khoanh xừ sai luôn, ví dụ 1 bài đọc cho anh em nhé
READING PASSAGE 1
The Mozart Effect
A. Music has been used for centuries to heal the body. In the Ebers Papyrus (one of the earliest medical documents, circa 1500 B.C.), it was recorded that physicians chanted to heal the sick (Castleman, 1994). In various cultures, we have observed singing as part of healing rituals. In the world of Western medicine, however, using music in medicine lost popularity until the introduction of the radio. Researchers then started to notice that listening to music could have significant physical effects. Therapists noticed music could help calm anxiety and researchers saw that listening to music could cause a drop in blood pressure. In addition to these two areas, music has been used with cancer chemotherapy to reduce nausea, during surgery to reduce stress hormone production, during childbirth, and in stroke recovery (Castleman, 1994 and Westley, 1998). It has been shown to decrease pain as well as enhance the effectiveness of the immune system. In Japan, compilations of music are used as medication, of sorts. For example, if you want to cure a headache or migraine, the album suggested Mendelssohn's "Spring Song," Dvorak's "Humoresque," or part of George Gershwin's "An American in Paris" (Campbell, 1998). Music is also being used to assist in learning, in a phenomenon called the Mozart Effect.
B. Frances H. Rauscher, Ph.D., first demonstrated the correlation between music and learning in an experiment in 1993. His experiments indicated that a 10 minute dose of Mozart could temporarily boost intelligence. Groups of students were given intelligence tests after listening to silence, relaxation tapes, or Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major for a short time. He found that after silence, the average IQ score was 110, and after the relaxation tape, scores rose a point. After listening to Mozart, however, the scores jumped to 119 (Westley, 1998). Even students who did not like the music still had an increased score on the IQ test. Rauscher hypothesized that "listening to complex, non-repetitive music, like Mozart, may simulate neural pathways that are important in thinking" (Castleman, 1994).
C. The same experiment was repeated on rats by Rauscher and Hong Hua Li from Stanford. Rats also demonstrated enhancement in their intelligence performance. These new studies indicate that rats that were exposed to Mozart showed "increased gene expression of BDNF (a neural growth factor), CREB (a learning and memory compound), and Synapsin I (a synaptic growth protein)" in the brain's hippocampus, compared with rats in the control group, which heard only white noise (e.g. the whooshing sound of a radio tuned between stations)
D. How exactly does the Mozart effect work? Researchers are still trying to determine
the actual mechanisms for the formation of these enhanced learning pathways. Neuroscientists suspect that music can actually help build and strengthen connections
between neurons in the cerebral cortex in a process similar to what occurs in brain development despite its type. When a baby is born, certain connections have already been made - like connections for heartbeat and breathing. As new information is learned and motor skills develop, new neural connections are formed. Neurons that are not used will eventually die while those used repeatedly will form strong connections. Although a large number of these neural connections require experience, they also must occur within a certain time frame. For example, a child born with cataracts cannot develop connections within the visual cortex. If the cataracts are removed by surgery right away, the child's vision develops and the cataracts are removed, the child will remain blind because those pathways cannot establish themselves.
E. Music seems to work in the same way. In October of 1997, researchers at the
University of Konstanz in Germany found that music actually rewires neural circuits (Begley, 1996). Although some of these circuits are formed for physical skills needed to play an instrument, just listening to music strengthens connections used in higher-order thinking. Listening to music can then be thought of as "exercise" for the brain, improving concentration and enhancing intuition.
F. If you're a little skeptical about the claims made by supporters of the Mozart Effect,
you're not alone. Many people accredit the advanced learning of some children who take music lessons to other personality traits, such as motivation and persistence, which is required in all types of learning. There have also been claims of that influencing the results of some experiments.
G. Furthermore, many people are critical of the role the media had in turning an isolated study into a trend for parents and music educators. After Mozart Effect was published to the public, the sales of Mozart CDs stayed on the top of the hit list for three weeks. In an article by Michael Linton, he wrote that the research that began this phenomenon (the study by researchers at the University of California Irvine) showed only a temporary boost in IQ, which was not significant enough to even last throughout the course of the experiment. Using music to influence intelligence was used in Confucian civilization and Plato alluded to Pythagorean music when he described his ideal state in The Republic. In both of these examples, music did not have caused any overwhelming changes, and the theory eventually died out. Linton also asks, "If Mozart's Music were able to improve health, why was Mozart himself so frequently sick? If listening to Mozart's music increases intelligence and encourages spirituality, why aren't the world's smartest and most spiritual people Mozart specialists?" Linton raises an interesting point, if the Mozart Effect causes such significant changes, why isn't there more documented evidence?
H. The "trendiness" of the Mozart Effect may have died out somewhat, but there are still strong supporters (and opponents) of the claims made in 1993. Since that initial experiment, there has not been a surge of supporting evidence. However, many parents, after playing classical music while pregnant or when theft children are young, will swear by the Mozart Effect. A classmate of mine once told me that listening to classical music while studying will help with memorization. If we approach this controversy from a scientific aspect, although there has been some evidence that music does increase brain activity, actual improvements in learning and memory have not been adequately demonstrated.
Questions 1-5
Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1 Music influences the brain development of a baby.
2 Popularity of public to the introduction of Mozart Effect
3 Description of the pioneer experiment of a person
4 Music is helpful as a healing method in some places
5 Learning needs other qualities though
ok ví dụ câu 1 gạch chân : brain development , baby 2 3 4 5 tương tự
phân tích đọc lướt đoạn A nói về kiểu music nó chữa lành vết thương, thì khá nghiêng câu 4, nhưng em lại think, ủa, some places ở đây là chi, rồi bảo liệu câu này trap không
hoặc đọc lướt đoạn B nói về 1 số thí nghiệm ảnh hưởng của nhạc mozart lên não học sinh làm hs thông minh hơn, dường như k có đáp án nào
Mong các bác chỉ em PP để tránh overthinking, mà càng nghĩ càng sai theo KN của em làm reading, thề, câu nào càng nghĩ càng sai, càng chắc chắn càng đúng.
